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 Henry Cavendish
was the first to recognize hydrogen as a distinct
substance, discovered the compound nature of
water, and accurately calculated the mass and
density of the earth. |
 Marie
Curie, along with her husband,
Pierre, discovered the elements polonium and
radium in 1898. In 1903, she became the first
woman ever to win a Nobel Prize (in Physics),
and, in 1911, became the first person ever to win
a second Nobel Prize (in Chemistry). |
 John
Dalton was the first to describe
color blindness, formulated a complete theory of
the atomic nature of matter, and prepared a table
of atomic weights of various elements. |
 Antoine-Laurent
Lavoisier was the first to describe
and name oxygen, determined that air was a
mixture of gases, and developed the modern system
of chemical nomenclature. |
 Joseph Priestley
discovered carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and
oxygen; was the first to describe photosynthesis;
and discovered the ability of India gum to
"rub out" pencil marks. |
 Paul Sabatier
won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for research
related to the production of gasoline from raw
petroleum and to the hydrogenation of vegetable
oils to make shortening. |
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