is located atop Palomar Mountain, about 40 miles northeast of San Diego, at an elevation of 5,660 feet above sea level. It is owned and operated by the California Institute of Technology, a privately endowed educational and research institution in Pasadena.
Construction of the observatory was first proposed by astronomer George Ellery Hale in 1928, who had previously overseen the construction and operation of the Mount Wilson Observatory, located about 10 miles northeast of Pasadena, California. Hale proposed the building of a new observatory because the area around Mount Wilson was becoming increasingly populated, and the background light was becoming an ever worsening problem. Palomar Mountain was chosen because at the time it was located far enough from any population center that "light pollution" would not be an issue. Construction of the observatory was made possible by a grant from the International Education Board (one of the Rockefeller Foundations). Construction of the observatory began in the mid-1930's, and was completed on November 18, 1947.
The observatory's main instrument is the
200-inch Hale Telescope. It was first tested in 1947,
dedicated on June 3, 1948, and began operating regularly
in 1949. Capable of collecting one million times more
light than the human eye, the telescope can photograph
objects several billion light-years away.
Palomar's other optical instruments include: the 48-inch Samuel Oschin Telescope, which can photograph 300 times more sky than the Hale Telescope (but the Hale can photograph in greater detail); the 18-inch Schmidt Telescope; and, a general-purpose 60-inch reflecting telescope.
The official website of Palomar Mountain Observatory is www.astro.caltech.edu/observatories/palomar/.
The Robinson Library
Science.--Astronomy.--Instruments.
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