Medicine.
	Aloe Vera has been used medicinally for thousands of years. Egyptian carvings dating back 6,000 years show aloe vera being used, and use of the plant is recorded in the writings of early cultures in India and China. Joseph Lister discovered that sterilizing surgical areas, instruments and surgeons' hands reduced post-surgical infection and death dramatically. He called the practice of such sterilization antiseptic surgery. Lucy Beaman Hobbs Taylor became the first woman in the U.S. (and probably the world) to receive a doctorate in dentistry on February 21, 1866, and went on to practice successfully for twenty years. Samuel Jay Crumbine served on the Kansas State Board of Health from 1899 to 1923, during which time he led a number of well-known public health campaigns, including: "Ban the Public Drinking Cup," "Swt the Fly," and "Don't Spit on the Sidewalk." Béla Schick developed the Schick Test, whichinvolved injecting a small amount of diphtheria toxin under the skin; the extent of a child's immunity to the disease could be determined by the presence or absence of a reaction around the injection site. Sylvester Graham advocated a lifestyle that included abstinence from sex except for procreation, sleeping on hard mattresses, and a strictly vegetarian diet. As part of that diet he invented a special whole wheat flour, from which he made the first Graham Crackers. Albert Bruce Sabin was influenced to study polio by an epidemic of that disease that hit New York City in 1931. He began testing a live-virus vaccine in 1954, and by the 1970's that vaccine had succeeded in nearly eradicating polio from the world. Klinefelter Syndrome describes a group of symptoms found in some men with an extra X chromosome. Every man who exhibits symptoms of Klinefelter Syndrome has an extra X chromosome, but not every male who has the extra chromosome exhibits symptoms.