Education.
	Maria Montessori believed that if children are given freedom within an environment rich in activities they will naturally choose to work rather than play, and that they will learn much more readily if allowed to explore things that interest them rather than what adults believe they should study. Emporia State University was established by the Kansas Legislature as Kansas State Normal School by Legislature in 1863. Today, it has an enrollment of approximately 4,200 undergraduate and 2,100 graduate students from across the United States and 45 countries. Mordecai Wyatt Johnson was the first permanent African-American president of Howard University, in which capacity he served from 1926 to 1960. During his tenure, Howard grew from eight unaccredited schools and colleges to ten that are still fully accredited, saw its enrollment grow from 1,700 to 6,000, and increased its budget from $700,000 to $8 million. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi believed that the purpose of education was to expose the natural powers and faculties latent in every human being, and emphasized that the teacher should never teach by words when a child could see, hear or touch an object for himself. His theories and methods proved so successful that they still form the basis of elementary educational systems around the world. The University of Texas is the largest institution in the Texas university system, with approximately 38,000 undergraduates and 13,000 postgraduates currently enrolled. Its main campus is in Austin, and it formally opened on September 15, 1883.